Mapping knowledge transfer in early childhood education and care in South Africa

This pilot study explores through participative methods the implicit models, situated understandings and processes of early childhood care and education in South Africa in the context of poverty. The intention is to expose and reconcile potential tensions between ‘official’ Western and classed child-rearing practices and indigenous beliefs and realities of poor communities in KwaZulu-Natal

A review of the evidence on the use of ICT in the Early Years Foundation Stage

This report reviewed existing evidence on the potential of technology to support the development of educational policy and practice in the context of the Early Years Foundation Stage. Reference is made to the use of ICT by young children from aged birth to five years and its potential impacts, positive and negative on their cognitive, social, emotional educational, visual and physical development

The Self-Objectification Scale: A New Measure For Assessing Self-Objectification

Many of the measures for self-objectification have theoretical or psychometric issues related to their use. For this reason, the development of a new measure addressing these concerns would be beneficial to the research on self-objectification. Towards this goal of developing and validating a new measure for self-objectification, the Self-Objectification Scale (SOS) was developed. The Self-Objectification Scale is the first scale to be created with two alternative forms for measuring trait and state self-objectification that have undergone analyses for reliability and validity with both men and women. A pilot study of 40 undergraduate men and women was conducted to check the formatting and clarity of the original pool of 30 SOS items, as well as, to perform preliminary analyses for internal consistency. Study 1 was carried out to finalize the items in the SOS through factor analysis and to assess the reliability and validity of the measure. Both undergraduate men (n = 111) and women (n = 150) took part in this study, retaking the Trait Form two weeks later to allow for test-retest analyses to be performed. Study 2 was conducted with undergraduate men (n = 78) and women (n = 78) to further assess the reliability and validity of the State Form; the measure was given after participants were randomly assigned to an experimental condition meant to induce a state of self-objectification. Based on the factor structure of the SOS, 15 items were retained and two subscales were created: the SOS-Success and SOS-Self-Worth. The Trait Form demonstrated good reliability and construct validity. The State Form was found to be less reliable; analyses of construct validity were unable to be performed

A Systematic Review Including an Additional Pediatric Case Report: Pediatric Cases of Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma

Importance Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma (MASC) is a newly characterized salivary gland carcinoma resembling secretory carcinoma of the breast. Prior to being described, MASC was most commonly misdiagnosed as Acinic Cell Carcinoma. Though MASC is predominantly an adult neoplasm, cases have been reported in the pediatric population. Reporting and summarizing of known cases is imperative to understand the prognosis and clinical behavior of MASC. Objective (1) Report a rare case of pediatric MASC. (2) Review and consolidate the existing literature on MASC in the pediatric population. Evidence review Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies that included pediatric cases of MASC. Data on clinical presentation, diagnosis and management, and pathology were collected from all pediatric cases. Findings Case Report 14 year old with left-sided parotid mass diagnosed as MASC based on histology and immunohistochemistry. He was managed surgically with left superficial parotidectomy with selective neck dissection. Literature review The majority of MASC cases have been identified via retrospective reclassification of previously misclassified salivary gland tumors. Of all the pediatric cases (N=11) of MASC, the female-to-male ratio is 1:1.2 with an age range of 10-17 years old. The most common clinical presentation was a slowly growing, fixed, and painless mass of the parotid gland, often detected incidentally on physical examination. Common pathological features include eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm within cystic, tubular, and/or papillary architecture. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for S100, mammaglobin, cytokeratin 19, and vimentin. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of the characteristic ETV6-NTRK6 fusion gene via fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Only 4 cases discussed treatment. Each of these underwent successful surgical resection alone with or without lymph node dissection. Conclusions and relevance Since the first case of MASC in the pediatric population was described in 2011, only 12 cases, including this one, have been described in the literature. With this paucity of information, much remains unknown regarding this new pathologic diagnosis. The collection of clinical outcomes data of children with MASC is needed to better understand the behavior of this malignancy as well as determine optimal treatment regimens

Typical functional patterns and socio-cultural context

publishedVersio

Differential insulitic profiles determine the extent of beta cell destruction and the age at onset of type 1 diabetes

Published onlineJOURNAL ARTICLEType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells following the infiltration of leukocytes (including CD8+, CD4+ and CD20+ cells) into and around pancreatic islets ("insulitis"). Recently, we reported that two distinct patterns of insulitis occur in patients with recent-onset T1D from the UK and that these differ principally in the proportion of infiltrating CD20+ B-cells (designated "CD20Hi" and "CD20Lo" respectively). We have now extended this analysis to include patients from the nPOD (USA) and DiViD (Norway) cohorts and confirm that the two profiles of insulitis occur more widely. Moreover, we show that patients can be directly stratified according to their insulitic profile and that those receiving a diagnosis before the age of 7 years always display the CD20Hi profile. By contrast, individuals diagnosed beyond the age of 13 years are uniformly defined as CD20Lo. This implies that the two forms of insulitis are differentially aggressive and that patients with a CD20Hi profile lose their beta cells at a more rapid rate. In support of this, we also find that the proportion of residual insulin-containing islets (ICIs) increases in parallel with age at onset of T1D. Importantly, those diagnosed in, or beyond, their teenage years retain ∼40% ICIs at diagnosis, implying that a functional deficit rather than absolute beta cell loss may be causal for disease onset in these patients. We conclude that appropriate patient stratification will be critical for correct interpretation of the outcomes of intervention therapies targeted to islet-infiltrating immune cells in T1D

Music Aid:Towards a Collaborative Experience for Deaf and Hearing People in Creating Music

This paper explores the possibility of breaking the barrier between deaf and hearing people when it comes to the subject of making music. Suggestions on how deaf and hearing people can collaborate in creating music together, are presented. The conducted research will focus on deaf people with a general interest in music as well as hearing musicians as target groups. Through reviewing different related research areas, it is found that visualization of sound along with a haptic feedback can help deaf people interpret and interact with music. With this in mind, three variations of a collaborative user interface are presented, in which deaf and hearing people are meant to collaborate in creating short beats and melody sequences. Through evaluating the three prototypes, with two deaf people and two hearing musicians, it is found that the target groups can collaborate to some extent in creating beats. However, in order for the target groups to create melodic sequences together in a satisfactory manner, more detailed visualization and distributed haptic output is necessary, mostly due to the fact that the deaf test participants struggle in distinguishing between higher pitch and timbre

Sensitivity of Climate Change Induced by the Weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to Cloud Feedback

A variety of observational and modeling studies show that changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) can induce rapid global-scale climate change. In particular, a substantially weakened AMOC leads to a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. However, the simulated amplitudes of the AMOC-induced tropical climate change differ substantially among different models. In this paper, the sensitivity to cloud feedback of the climate response to a change in the AMOC is studied using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model [the GFDL Coupled Model, version 2.1 (CM2.1)]. Without cloud feedback, the simulated AMOC-induced climate change in this model is weakened substantially. Low-cloud feedback has a strong amplifying impact on the tropical ITCZ shift in this model, whereas the effects of high-cloud feedback are weaker. It is concluded that cloud feedback is an important contributor to the uncertainty in the global response to AMOC changes.open9